This condition causes pain around or behind the kneecap. It affects physically active people as well as people who do not exercise intensively. Symptoms do not automatically indicate severe cartilage damage.
A locked knee, marked swelling or fever is not typical of a simple overuse problem and should be assessed.
Causes and risk factors
Unusually high activity levels, training changes and the interaction of hip and thigh muscles may contribute. Kneecap tracking and individual leg alignment are also considered. There are usually several contributing factors.
Typical symptoms
Pain when climbing stairs, squatting or sitting for a long time with bent knees is typical. Running and jumping may aggravate it. Noises alone, however, are not a reliable sign of damage requiring treatment.
Diagnosis
We assess kneecap movement, leg alignment, mobility and strength. Functional tasks show how loading is controlled. Imaging is used selectively, for example after injury, with unusual swelling or when the course is not typical.
Non-surgical treatment
A graded strengthening programme for the knee and hip muscles is the mainstay of treatment. Activity is temporarily adjusted and then increased gradually. Taping or insoles may help in selected cases. Long-term rest alone does not improve load tolerance.
Surgical options
Surgery is not usually the first choice for typical patellofemoral pain syndrome. Only a clearly demonstrated structural cause may justify a separate surgical assessment. Pain on stairs alone does not justify an operation.
Aftercare and rehabilitation
The exercise plan should fit everyday activities and sport. Progress is assessed through walking distance, stairs and training loads. If there are setbacks, the intensity is adjusted. Regularity is usually more helpful than occasional very intensive sessions.
Common questions
Is cracking in the knee dangerous?
Noises can occur without disease. Pain, swelling and function matter more in the assessment.
Should I stop sport completely?
A temporary adjustment is often sufficient. Suitable activity is determined after examination and according to the response to training.
Arrange a consultation
We discuss which treatment is suitable for your findings and which procedures are available within our outpatient service during a personal consultation. Outpatient operations take place at an external surgical centre.
Choose location & appointment →Our services →Other conditions in this region
Explore the topic
Further reading
Selected external resources about this condition. Some linked publications are in German.
Medical background
Sources & further information
These professional and patient resources provide further information about this condition. The text on this page is independently written.
AAOS: Patellofemoral pain syndrome